Unix - Command reference for different OS

1. Server Release info

Solaris: cat /etc/release

RHEL: cat /etc/enterprise-release , cat /etc/redhat-release, lsb_release -a , cat /proc/version

HP-UX: /stand/kernrel

AIX- oslevel -r

2.Server type ( platform)  

Solaris : /usr/platform/`uname -i`/sbin/prtdiag -v

RHEL: dmidcode

HP-UX: model , uname -a

AIX-prtconf | grep -i 'System Model'

3. Hardware info 

Solaris: prtdiag -v , prtconf -D ,prtpicl -v [-c <class>]

RHEL: lspci, lsusb,lshal

HP-UX: ioscan, ioscan -fun [disk|tape|lan] , /opt/ignite/bin/print_manifest , cat /var/opt/ignite/local/manifest/manifest.info

AIX : lscfg -v , lscfg -l ent0 , lscfg -vl fcs0 (find the WWN of HBA adapter) , lsdev , lsdev -Cc disk , lsdev -Cc disk -p scsi0, lsslot -c [pci|phb|port], lsslot -c pci -l ent0, lspath -l hdisk0, diag

4. Operating system ( kernel details)

Solaris: uname -a

RHEL: uname -a

HP-UX: uname -a

AIX: oslevel [-r|-s]

 
5.Memory 

Solaris:/usr/platform/`uname -i`/sbin/prtdiag -v prtconf |grep -i mem

RHEL: cat /proc/meminfo , free -om , cat /proc/slabinfo

HP-UX: dmesg | grep - physical , /usr/sam/lbin/getmem , /opt/ignite/bin/print_manifest , cat /var/opt/ignite/local/manifest/manifest.info

AIX: prtconf -m , prtconf |grep -i memory , lsattr -El sys0 -a realmem , bootinfo -r

6. CPU ( type , number) 

Solaris: /usr/platform/`uname -i`/sbin/prtdiag -v , psrinfo , paradm -f 0 (offline) , psradm -n 0 (online)

RHEL : cat /proc/cpuinfo

HP-UX: /opt/ignite/bin/print_manifest .
sam -> performance monitors -> system properties
cat /var/opt/ignite/local/manifest/manifest.info

AIX: prtconf |grep -i processor

7.Disk Drives 

Solaris: Format , prtvtoc <device> , format -e (to convert EFI (zfs) to SMI)

RHEL: fdisk -l , parted , partprobe -s < device> , smartctl -a < device> 

HP-UX: oscan -funC disk

AIX: lsdev -Cc disk , lsdev -Cc disk -p scsi0 (specific controller) , lsdev -Cc disk -S [a|d|s] (available, defined, stopped) , lscfg -v -l hdisk0

8. Kernel file and associated directories

Solaris:/kernel/genunix, /platform/`uname -m`/kernel, /kernel , /usr/kernel

RHEL:boot/initrd.?????.img , /boot/vmlinuz

HP-UX: - /stand/vmunix

AIX:/unix , /usr/lib/boot , /usr/lib/drivers, /usr/lib/boot/unix_64

(/unix is the symbolic link to /usr/lib/boot/unix_64)

9.Kernel Architecture ( 32/64)

Solaris: isainfo -kv (solaris 9+) , isainfo -b

RHEL: uname -a , uname -m , getconf -a |grep -i 'long_bit' , cat /proc/version

HP-UX: getconf KERNEL_BITS ( version 11) , /opt/ignite/bin/print_manifest |grep -i 'os mode' 

/opt/ignite/bin/print_manifest |grep -i 'hw capability'

AIX: prtconf -k , bootinfo -K

10 .Display firmware 

Solaris:At the OK prompt type banner

RHEL: boot into the BIOS (normally F2 or F12)

HP-UX: 

reboot
enter PDC
type: IN (information menu)
type: FV (Firmware Version)

AIX:prtconf |grep -i firmware , lscfg -pv , invscout 

11. Memory Page size

Solaris: /usr/bin/pagesize

RHEL : /usr/bin/getconf -a| egrep -i 'pagesize|page_size'

HP-UX: dmesg |grep -i physical

AIX:pagesize , pagesize -a (display all supported pagesizes)

12.Swap Display

Solaris:swap -l , swap -s 

RHEL: cat /proc/swaps (detailed) , swapon -s

HP-UX:

swapinfo (displayed in KB)
swapinfo -m (display in Mb)
swapinfo -tm (total / Mb)

AIX:lsps -a (detailed) , lsps -s

13. Adding Swap 

Solaris:

mkfile 5m /var/swapfile
swap -a /var/swapfile
update /etc/vfstab

RHEL:

create partition with fdisk (type 82)
file(create 50MB swap file):
dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/swapfile bs=1024 count=50000

mkswap <device>|<file>
swapon <device>|<file>

update /etc/fstab

HP-UX:

Create logical volume or filesystem

swapon <device> | -f <logical device>
swapon -p 3 <device> | -f <logical device>

update /etc/fstab

AIX:

mkps -a -s 4 -n <volume group>

# change the attributes
chps -a n paging00 (don't use after restart)

# change the logical volume attributes (name in this case)
chlv -n <new name> <old old> (chang page space name) 

also see /etc/swapspaces file

14. Removing the swap 

Solaris:

update /etc/vfstab
swap -d

RHEL:wapoff <device>|<file> , Remove device or file as normal

HP-UX: 

remove entry from /etc/fstab
reboot

AIX:

swapoff /dev/paging00
rmps paging00 

15. Disk Serial Number & Type 

Solaris:

format
iostat -En
luxadm inq <disk> (A5x00 disk arrays)

RHEL:

hdparm -i /dev/hda
hdparm -I /dev/hda (detailed)

hdparm -Tt /dev/hda (speed test)

sdparm -i /dev/sdb

cat /proc/ide/ide0/hda/model
cat /proc/scsi/scsi

HP-UX:

diskinfo -v /dev/rdsk/c0t4d0 (detailed but no serial number)
/opt/ignite/bin/print_manifest (no serial number)

## Insure that the online diagnostic support tools have been installed
swlist -l bundle | grep 'Support Tools'


## Command-Line Support Tools Manager (cstm)
## The run cstm
cstm
cstm> map
cstm> sel dev 4 (select the disk of you choice)
cstm> info
cstm> il (obtain the serial number)
cstm> quit 

AIX:

scfg -vl hdisk0
lscfg -vl hdisk*

16. Disk partitions 

Solaris:

prtvtoc <device>
cat /etc/vfstab

RHEL:

fdisk -l

sfdisk -l (advanced server)

cat /proc/partitions (very high level)
cat /etc/fstab

HP-UX:

lvlnboot -v /dev/vg00 

lifls -Clv <device>

# Display the LIF contents
lifcp /dev/dsk/c0t6d0:AUTO -

cat /etc/fstab

Note: Boot programs are stored in the boot area in Logical Interchange Format (LIF), which is similar to a file system. For a device to be bootable, the LIF volume on that device must contain at least the ISL
(the initial system loader) and HPUX (the HP-UX bootstrap utility) LIF files. ISL is like GRUB.

AIX:

lsvg -l rootvg 

lchangelv

cat /etc/filesystems

17.List row partitions 

Solaris:

use format to partition the disk then just use the slice as a raw partition, remember to use the character device

RHEL:

## Old way
/etc/sysconfig/rawdevices
service rawdevices start
chkconfig rawdevices on

## New way, Edit below file
/etc/udev/rules.d/60-raw.rules
udevinfo -d or udevadm info

## Display raw partitions
raw -qa

HP-UX:

Just create a new LVOL without a filesystem - that's it.

AIX:

Just create a new LVOL without a filesystem

# create a raw volume
mklv -y rawVolume vg01 10

18.Bad blocks

Solaris:

format (use analyse )

RHEL:

badblocks

HP-UX:

dd if=/dev/rdsk/cXtYd0 of=/dev/null bs=1024K

Note: no errors means disk is good

AIX:

chlv -b [y|n] <lv>

Note: enables bad block relocation

19.File system commands

Solaris:

df -k
df -h

RHEL:

df -k
df -h

HP-UX:

bdf
df [-egiklnvfb]

AIX:

df -k 

lsfs [<filesystem>]
lsfs -q <filesystem> (detailed) 

20. File system create and remove 

Solaris:

newfs -v <raw device>

# Display how the filesystem was created
newfs -Nv <filesystem>

RHEL:

mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1

# all point to mke2fs
mkfs.ext2
mkfs.ext3
mkfs.ext4

cat /etc/mke2fs.conf

HP-UX:

newfs -F vxfs -o largefiles /dev/vg01/rlvol1

mkfs -F vxfs -o largefiles /dev/vg01/rlvol1

Note: mkfs and newfs are a pointer to /sbin/fs_wrapper 

AIX:

crfs -v jfs2 -d data02lv -m /data02 -A yes

-v filesystem type
-d device or logical volume
-m mountpoint
-A mount after restart [yes|no]

rmfs -ri /data02

-r remove the mountpoint
-i display warning before removing

chfs -a size=+1G /var (grow by additional 1GB)
chfs -a size=1G /var (grow to 1GB in size) 

21. Tune file systems 

Solaris:

tunefs

fstyp -v <device> |grep -i minfree

RHEL:

tune2fs

tune2fs -l /dev/sda1

# change reserved blocks percentage to 1%
tune2fs -m 1 /dev/sda1

HP-UX:

tunefs -v <filesystem>
vxtunefs -v <filesystem>
fstyp -v <filesystem>

# Disk fragmentation
fsadm -F vxfs -E / (report)
fsadm -F vxfs -e / (defrag)

AIX:

chfs

Note: you can perform the following
resize
freeze
change mountpoint
permissions

22.Force fsck

Solaris:

# Check to see filesystem needs checking
fstyp -v <filesystem> | grep fsclean

RHEL:

touch /forcefsck
shutdown -Fr now
fsck.mode=force (kernel parameter)
tune2fs -l /dev/sdb<?> |grep -i 'filesystem state'

HP-UX:

# Look at the second line to see if a filesystem
# needs checking
tunefs -v <filesystem>

AIX:

No options 

23.backup filesystem

Solaris:

ufsdump|ufsrestore
tar
dd
cpio

RHEL:

dump/restore
tar
dd
cpio

HP-UX:

fbackup/frecover
dump/restore
ftio
tar
dd
cpio

AIX:

backup|restore
tar
dd
cpio

24. Display the boot device 

Solaris:

eeprom |grep boot-device
prtconf -pv |grep bootpath
prtpicl -v|grep ':bootpath'

RHEL:

cat /boot/grub/grub.conf

HP-UX:

setboot

AIX:

bootinfo -b (display last boot device)
bootlist -m [normal|service] -o (display bootable devices)

25. Setting boot device 

Solaris:

setenv boot-device [<device>|<alias>]
eeprom boot-device [<device>|<alias>]

RHEL:

/boot/grub/grub.conf

HP-UX:

setboot -p <primary path>
setboot -a <alternate path>

# autoboot sequnce
setboot -b [on|off]

AIX:

bootlist -m normal hdisk0 hdisk1

26. Create a boot disk 

Solaris: Not available

RHEL:mkbootdisk `uname -r` (boot diskette)

HP-UX: 

recovery tape (preview)

make_tape_recovery -v -l -x inc_entire=vg00
/opt/ignite/bin/make_recovery -ACv

AIX:mksysb 

27. boot cdrom/diskette (single user)

Solaris:

ok> boot cdrom -s

RHEL: Type s or 1 at the end of the grub line

HP-UX: 

enter PDC
> search
>boot p1 (cdrom)
interact with IPL? Y
ISL> hpux -is

AIX:

based on a 9114-275 workstation

Restart the machine.
Wait the the AIX splash screen to come up. Devices begin to initialize here.
When you see the [keyboard] word on screen hit the F5 button or the 5 key depending on your console.
Choose “default boot list ” when the maintenance screen comes up.

28. Boot in to maintenance mode 

Solaris:

ok> boot -as

RHEL:

f10 or f12

HP-UX:

>boot pri
interact with IPL? Y
ISL> hpux -lm

AIX:

based on a 9114-275 workstation

Restart the machine.
Wait the the AIX splash screen to come up. Devices begin to initialize here.
When you see the [keyboard] word on screen hit the F5 button or the 5 key depending on your console.
Choose “select boot options ” when the maintenance screen comes up, then option 1, then option 1 for scsi, then option 3 service mode boot

29. List device drivers 

Solaris:

prtconf -D
sysdef

RHEL:

cat /proc/devices

HP-UX:

lsdev

AIX:

lsdev
lsdev -Cc disk
lsdev -Cc disk -p scsi0

lsslot -c pci -l ent0

lscfg
lscfg -l ent0
lscfg -vl fcs0 (find the WWN of HBA adapter)

lspath -l hdisk0

getconf DISK_SIZE hdisk1 (detailed)

30. Basic Network information (Hostname & IP address)

Solaris:
/etc/hostname.hme0

RHEL:

/etc/sysconfig/network
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

HP-UX:

/etc/rc.config.d/netconf

AIX:

stores information in the ODM (Object Database Manager)

host ipaddress ( this will display hostname)

host hostname ( this will provide ipaddress)

31. Displaying network interfaces 

Solaris:
prtdiag -v
ifconfig -a

kstat hme:0:parameters:<param name>
kstat e1000g:0:parameters:<param name>

module:instance:name:statistics

# Solaris 11
netadm list

dladm show-phys
dladm show-link
dladm show-linkprop
dladm show-vnic
dladm show-etherstub

ipadm show-if
ipadm show-ifprop
ipadm show-addr
ipadm show-addrprop

RHEL:

ifconfig
system-config-network (GUI)

HP-UX:

ioscan -funC lan (list hardware)
lanscan -v (list configured)
ifconfig lan0 (individual)

AIX:

ifconfig -a
entstat -d <interface>
lsdev -Cc if
lsdev -Cc tcpip
odmget -q "name=en0" CuAt
lsattr -EHl en0

32.Configure network interface 

Solaris:
ifconfig

# Solaris 11 - Automatic (using profiles)
netadm enable -p ncp Automatic
netcfg (use by Automatic)

# Solaris 11 - Manual
netadm enable -p ncp DefaultFixed
netcfg

dladm create-vnic
dladm delete-vnic
dladm rename-link

dladm create-etherstub

ipadm create-ip net1
ipadm create-addr -T static -a 192.168.0.110/24 net1/pfv
ipadm delete-ip
ipadm delete-addr

RHEL:

ifconfig

system-config-network

vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-intname

nmcli connection add 

HP-UX:

ifconfig <interface>

AIX:

mktcpip (completely setup a network interface)
rmtcpip (remove all network interfaces)

# configure an interface
mktcpip -h aix1 -a 192.168.1.200 -m 255.255.255.0 -i en1 -g 192.168.0.10

-h - hostname assigned to interface
-a - ip address
-m - netmask
-i - interface name
-g - gateway ip address

# remove an interface
ifconfig en1 detach

ifconfig (configures IP address)

chdev (add aliases to network interface)

33. Start & stop network interface 

Solaris:
ifconfig qfe0 up
ifconfig qfe0 down

RHEL:

/sbin/ifup eth0
/sbin/ifdown eth0

HP-UX:

ifconfig lan0 up
ifconfig lan0 down

note: if there is no "ifconfig -a" in hpux use lanscan then "ifconfig <interface>"

AIX:

ifconfig en0 up
ifconfig en0 down
ifconfig en0 detach (remove)

34.Setting NIC speed

Solaris:
ndd -set <device> <parm> <value> (dynamically)
/etc/system (edit and update then reboot - permanent)

RHEL:

mii-tool -F 100baseTx-FD eth0
ethtool -s eth1 speed 100 duplex full

HP-UX:

ndd -set <device> <parm> <value>
lanadmin -X <option> lan0

AIX:

chdev -l ent0 -a media_speed=1000_Full_Duplex -P
chdev -l ent0 -a media_speed=Auto_Negotiation -P

35. Getting NIC parameters 

Solaris:
ndd -get <device> <parm>

# List parameters
ndd -get /dev/hme \?
ndd -get /dev/e1000g0 \?
ndd -get /dev/ip \?
ndd -get /dev/tcp \?

RHEL:

mii-tool -v
ethtool eth1
ethtool -t eth0 online
sysctl -a | grep net*

HP-UX:

lanadmin -> lan -> display
## options supported
ndd -get /dev/ip ?
ndd -get /dev/tcp ?
ndd -get /dev/arp ?
ndd -get /dev/udp ?

AIX:

netstat -v
entstat -d <interface>
no -a
no -o "ipforwarding=1"

36. Display MAC address 

Solaris:
ifconfig -a (as user root)

RHEL:

ifconfig
system-config-network (GUI)

HP-UX:

lanscan

AIX:

netstat -ia

37. Default route add

Solaris:
/etc/defaultrouter
route add default <gateway>
route -p add default <gateway> (persist changes)

RHEL:

edit /etc/sysconfig/network
add: GATEWAY=<IP address>

HP-UX:

/etc/rc.config.d/netconf

AIX:

route add 0 <gateway IP address>
Note: there is no file that holds the default router

38. Bonding 

Solaris:
if_mpadm -d (detach)
if_mpadm -r (reattach)
tail /var/adm/messages

RHEL:

cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0
# create bonding
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0
# modprobe
/etc/modprobe.d/bonding.conf
# for bonding options - use BONDING_OPTS
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0
# see bonding mode
cat /sys/class/net/bond0/bonding/mode

HP-UX:

You buy an optional product called Auto-Port Aggragation.

AIX:

smitty etherchannel (creates, deletes and tests)
entstat -d ent0

39. Change the hostname

Solaris:

change the following files:
/etc/nodename
/etc/hostname.<interface>
/etc/inet/hosts
/etc/inet/ipnodes
/etc/net - few files in here as well

# Solaris 11
svccfg -s system/identity:node listprop config/nodename

svcfg -s system/identity:node setprop config/nodename = astring: hostname
svcadm refresh system/identity:node
svcadm restart indentity:node

RHEL:

/etc/sysconfig/network
/etc/hosts
sysctl -a |grep hostname

HP-UX:

set_parms hostname (requires reboot)

AIX:

hostname <new hostname>
chdev -l inet0 -a hostname=<hostname>

40. DNS setup 

Solaris:

/etc/resolv.conf

# Solaris 11 - You need to use the svccfg command
svccfg -s dns/client listprop config/nameserver
svccfg -s dns/client listprop config/search
svccfg -s name-service/switch listprop config/host
svccfg -s name-service/switch listprop config/password
svcprop <pattern>
Note: just use listprop on its own to view all options

svccfg -s "dns/client" setprop "config/nameserver = net_address: (192.168.0.1)"
svccfg -s "dns/client" setprop 'config/domain = astring: ("unixchips.com")'
svccfg -s "name-service/switch" setprop 'config/host = astring: "file dns"'
svcadm refresh name-service/switch
svcadm refresh dns/client

RHEL:

/etc/resolv.conf

HP-UX:

/etc/resolv.conf

AIX:

/etc/resolv.conf


41. Name service switch file (DNS client)

Solaris:
/etc/nsswitch.conf
/etc/resolv.conf
# Solaris 11 - you need to use the svccfg command 

RHEL:

/etc/nsswitch.conf
/etc/host.conf
/etc/resolv.conf

HP-UX:

/etc/nsswitch.conf
/etc/resolv.conf

AIX:

/etc/netsvc.conf
/etc/resolv.conf
/etc/irs.conf (may not be there)
chnamsv (change name service)
rmnamsv (remove a name service)
lsnamsv -C (list name services)

42. Flush DNS cache 

Solaris:
svcadm restart system/name-service-cache:default

RHEL:

service nscd restart

HP-UX:

Not Available 

AIX:

netcdctrl -t dns -e hosts -f

43. Domain name

Solaris:

/etc/defaultdomain

RHEL:

/etc/sysconfig/network (HOSTNAME option)
/etc/resolv.conf 

HP-UX:

/etc/rc.config.d/netconf

AIX:

domainname <domainname>

44. Find services on the network 

Solaris:

Boot (jumpstart) servers:
rpcinfo -b bootparam 1

NFS servers:
rpcinfo -b mountd 1

NIS servers/slaves:
rpcinfo -b ypserv 1

RHEL:

Boot (jumpstart) servers:
rpcinfo -b bootparam 1

NFS servers:
rpcinfo -b mountd 1

NIS servers/slaves:
rpcinfo -u <yp server> ypserv

HP-UX:

Boot (jumpstart) servers:
rpcinfo -b bootparam 1

NFS servers:
rpcinfo -b mountd 1

NIS servers/slaves:
rpcinfo -b ypserv 1

AIX:

Boot (jumpstart) servers:
rpcinfo -b bootparam 1

NFS servers:
rpcinfo -b mountd 1

NIS servers/slaves:
rpcinfo -b ypserv 1

45. Crash dump

Solaris:
dumpadm -d <device>
coreadm

crash (used to analyse crash dumps)
adb (used to analyse crash dumps)

RHEL:

diskdump
netdump
kdump (part of kexec rpm)

/etc/kdump.conf (select where you want the dump to go)
service kdump start
chkconfig kdump on

## to crash the system
echo "c" > /proc/sysrq-trigger

crash (used to analyse crash dumps)

HP-UX:

edit /stand/system

add either:
dump 2/0/1.5.0
dump lvol
dump none

# crash config file
/etc/rc.config.d/savecrash

AIX:

sysdumpdev -l (list dump destination)
sysdumpdev -e (estimates dumpsize)
sysdumpdev -L (info)

sysdumpstart -p (start dump primary)
sysdumpstart -s (start dump secondary)

# set the dump device permanently
sysdumpdev -p <dump device> -P

# analyse dump file
echo "stat\n status\n t -m" | crash /var/adm/ras/vmcore.0

46. CPU monitoring 

Solaris:
top (sunfreeware)
prstat
sar
mpstat
w (load average)
uptime (load average)
ps
vmstat

RHEL:

top
sar
mpstat
w (load average)
uptime (load average)
ps
vmstat
procinfo
oprofile
cat /proc/cpuinfo

HP-UX:

top
sar
w (load average)
uptime (load average)
ps
vmstat
glance
sam

AIX:
topas -P
topas -L (logical partitions)
mpstat
sar -c
w (load average)
uptime (load average)
lparstat
ps
iostat -tT 1
tprof
curt

47. Memory monitoring 

Solaris:
prstat
vmstat
top
sar
RHEL:
free
vmstat
top
procinfo
slabtop
sar
cat /proc/meminfo

HP-UX:
top
vmstat
sar
sam
glance

AIX:

topas
vmstat
sar -b
svmon
ps
ipcs -a
lockstat (version 4)
rmss

48. Network monitoring 

 Solaris:

ndd
netstat
lsof
snoop
route

RHEL:

ethtool
mii-tool
netstat
lsof
tcpdump
ip
iptraf
nmap

HP-UX:
netstat
lanadmin
sam
glance

AIX:

[ent|tok|fddi|atm]stat
netstat
netpmon (trcstop to stop trace)

49. Disk monitoring 

Solaris:
sar -d
iostat
vmstat
lsof

RHEL:

sar -d
iostat
vmstat
lsof

HP-UX:

iostat
sar
sam
glance

AIX:
topas -D (disk)
topas -F (filesystem)
iostat
sar -D
fcstat (fibre)
lvmstat
filemon (trcstop to stop)
fileplace

# disk stat history
chdev -l sys0 -a iostat=true
lsattr -HEl sys0 -a iostat

50. Application monitoring 

Solaris:
truss -p <pid>
ppriv -D -e <command>

RHEL:

strace -p <pid>

HP-UX:

download and install tusc

tusc -p <pid>

AIX:
topas
truss
sar
probevue
tprof
svmon -P <pid>

51.Display loaded modules 

Solaris:
modinfo

RHEL
cat /proc/modules (more detailed)
lsmod
modinfo <module>
Location:
/lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/drivers

Config:
/etc/modprobe.conf
/etc/modprobe.d

HP-UX:

kmadmin -k

AIX:

genkex

52. Load modules 

Solaris:

modload -p drv/<module name>

RHEL:

modprobe <module>
insmod

HP-UX:

kmadmin -L <module name>

AIX:

No specific commands, need help from 3rd party programs to call sysconfig() and kmod_load() / kmod_unload separately

53. Unload modules 

Solaris:

modunload -i <module number>

RHEL:

modprobe -r <module>
rmmod

HP-UX:

kmadmin -U <module name>
kmadmin -u <module id>

AIX:

No specific commands, need help from 3rd party programs to call sysconfig() and kmod_load() / kmod_unload separately

54. set kernel parameters (tuning)
Solaris:

/etc/system (edit and reboot)

RHEL:

(only specific needs reboot) 

/etc/sysctl.conf (edit and update then reboot)
sysctl -p <filename>

sysctl -w param=value

No reboot (dynamically):
echo "250 32000 100 28" > /proc/sys/kernel/sem
echo "536870912" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax
echo "4096" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmni
echo "2097152" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmall
etc.............................................


HP-UX:

kcweb (11i)
kctune (11i only)
rebuild kernel (< 11i see below)

AIX:

chdev -l sys0 -a <parameter>=<value>
no -a (network)
vmo -a (virtual memory)
nfso -a (NFS)
ioo -a (Input/Ouput)
raso -a (reliability, availability, serviceability)
schedo -a (processor scheduler)

vi /etc/security/limits
cd /etc/tunables

tunchange, tundefault, tunsave, tunrestore, tuncheck

Note: most parameters are dynamically changed in AIX , for example memory segments are dynamically adjusted

55. Display kernel parameters 

Solaris:
cat /etc/system
sysdef -i
RHEL:
sysctl -a
cat /etc/sysctl.conf

cat /proc/sys/kernel/sem
cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax
etc...................................

HP-UX:
kctune (11i only)
sysdef
kmtune
kmsystem
/usr/sam/lbin/getkinfo -f /stand/vmunix -o /tmp/kernel.data
AIX:
lsattr -EHl sys0

Note: only a few kernel parameters can be changed
56.Build a kernel 

Solaris:
edit and update file then reboot:
/etc/system

RHEL:

cd /usr/src/linux-2.5
edit Makefile (change EXTRAVERSION)
make mrproper
backup .config
make xconfig
make dep
make bzImage
make modules
move new kernel
make modules_install
change lilo/grub config file
reboot

HP-UX:

cd /stand/build
/usr/lbin/sysadm/system_prep -v -s system
edit system file
/usr/sbin/mk_kernel -s ./system
mv /stand/system /stand/system.old
mv /stand/vmunix /stand/vmunix.old
mv /stand/build/system /stand
mv /stand/build/vmunix_test /stand/vmunix
reboot

AIX:
chdev -l sys0 -a <parameter>=<value>

Note: most parameters are dynamically changed in AIX , for example memory segments are dynamically adjusted

57. Display services

Solaris:
svcs -a
svcs -l <service>
svcs -vx
inetadm -l

RHEL:

service --status-all

HP-UX:

There is no services or chkconfig command
use the old fashioned way /sbin/init.d/<service>

AIX:

lssrc -a

58. Start services 

Solaris:

svcadm enable nfs

RHEL:

service nfs start

systemctl nfs start

HP-UX:

There is no services or chkconfig command
use the old fashioned way /sbin/init.d/<service>

AIX:

startsrc -s <subsystem>
startsrc -g <group>

59. Stop the service 

Solaris:
svcadm disable nfs

RHEL:

service nfs stop

systemctl nfs stop 

HP-UX:

There is no services or chkconfig command
use the old fashioned way /sbin/init.d/<service>

AIX:

stopsrc -s <subsystem>
stopsrc -g <group>

60. Reload the service

Solaris:

svcadm refresh nfs
svcadm clear nfs (changes state)

RHEL:

service nfs reload

HP-UX:

There is no services or chkconfig command
use the old fashioned way /sbin/init.d/<service>

AIX:

refresh -s <subsystem>

61.Restart services 

solaris:
svcadm restart nfs ( nfs as an example)

RHEL:

service nfs restart

svcadm nfs restart

HP-UX:

There is no services or chkconfig command
use the old fashioned way /sbin/init.d/<service>

AIX:

stopsrc -s <subsystem>
startsrc -s <subsystem>

62.service dependencies
Solaris:
svcs -d network
No options to identify dependencies in service level, than respective package level in other flowers

63. Installed patches 

solaris:
showrev -p
patchadd -p

RHEL:

rpm -qa --last 

HP-UX:

swlist -l bundle
swlist -l product
swlist -l patch

AIX:

instfix -ia

64.Adding a patch

Solaris:

patchadd
patchadd -M <dir> (multiple patches)

RHEL:

yum install <rpm name>

or rpm -ivh <rpm name>

HP-UX:

swcopy (install patch into depot)
swinstall (install patch from depot)

Note: the swagentd daemon must be running

AIX:

instfix -k

65. Removing patch 

Solaris:

patchrm

RHEL:

yum remove <package name>

HP-UX:

swremove

AIX:

installp -r

66. Display installed packages 

Solaris:

pkginfo (all packages)
pkginfo -l (single package)
pkgchk -l -p <file> (file belongs)

# NEW IPS
pkg list (all packages)
pkg info (single package)
pkg search (find packages and files)

RHEL:
rpm -qa (all packages)
rpm -q (single package)
rpm -qf (file belongs)
rpm -qi <package> (very detailed)

HP-UX:

swlist -l bundle <bundle>
swlist -l product <product>

## check a package
swlist -s <full_path/software>

AIX:

lslpp -L all (all filesets)
lslpp -L <package> (single fileset)
lslpp -w <file> (file belongs)
lslpp -ha (history of filesets)

rpm -qa (all packages)
rpm -q (single package)
rpm -qf (file belongs)
rpm -qi <package> (very detailed)

oslevel -g (install packkages above os level)

whereis <filename>
which_fileset <filename>

67. Adding a package 

Solaris:

pkgadd
# NEW IPS
pkg install
pkg update

RHEL:

rpm -Uhv (updates/installs if not already)
rpm -ihv (install)

HP-UX:

swinstall
swinstall -s <full_path/software>

AIX:

installp -a
installp -c (cleanup after failed install)

rpm -i

geninstall (generic installer: installp, RPM, etc)

68. Removing the packages 

Solaris:

pkgrm
# NEW IPS
pkg uninstall <package>

RHEL:

rpm -e <package>

HP-UX:

swremove

AIX:

installp -u (commited packages)
installp -r (applied packages)

rpm -e <package>

geninstall -u <package

69. Verify the packages 

Solaris:

pkginfo -l
pkginfo -p

# NEW IPS
pkg publisher
pkg verify <package>

RHEL:

rpm -V <package>

HP-UX:

swverity <fileset> (see /var/adm/sw/swagent.log)

AIX:

lppchk -v

rpm -V <package>

70. List files in a package 

Solaris:

pkgchk -l <package> | grep -i pathname

# NEW IPS
pkg contents <package>

RHEL:

rpm -ql <package>

HP-UX:

swlist -l file <product>

AIX:

lslpp -f <fileset>

rpm -ql <package>

71. List the libraries required for a binary program 

Solaris:

ldd <file>

RHEL:

ldd <file>

HP-UX:

chatr <file>

AIX:

ldd <file>

72. Display users 

Solaris:

cat /etc/passwd
logins -x [-p]

RHEL:

cat /etc/passwd
system-config-users (GUI)

HP-UX:

cat /etc/passwd
logins -x

AIX:

cat /etc/passwd

lsuser -f ALL (detailed)

73.Create a user 

Solaris:

useradd
# user defaults
/usr/sadm/defadduser

RHEL:

useradd
system-config-users (GUI)

HP-UX:

useradd
sam

AIX:

mkuser
useradd

74. Remove a user 

Solaris:

userdel 

RHEL:

userdel
system-config-users (GUI)

HP-UX:

userdel
sam

AIX:

rmuser
userdel

75. Modify a user 

Solaris:

usermod

RHEL:

usermod
system-config-users (GUI)

HP-UX:

usermod
sam

AIX:

chuser -a
usermod
passwd -f
passwd -s
chfn <username>
chfn <username><shell>

76. Change user password :

Solaris:

passwd 

RHEL:

passwd 

HP-UX:

passwd 

AIX:

passwd
pwdadm
pwdck -t ALL

77. Create a group 

Solaris:

groupadd

RHEL:

groupadd

HP-UX:

groupadd

AIX:

mkgroup <group name>

78. Remove a group 

Solaris:
groupdel

RHEL:
groupdel

HP-UX:
groupdel

AIX:
rmgroup <group name>

79 . Modify a group 

Solaris:

groupmod

RHEL:

groupmod

HP-UX:

groupmod

AIX:

chgroup <attribute><group name>

80. Password files 

Solaris:

/etc/passwd
/etc/shadow

RHEL:

/etc/passwd
/etc/shadow

HP-UX:

/etc/passwd
/tcb/files/auth/r/root (trusted system)

AIX:

/etc/security/passwd

81. useful user commands 

Solaris:

id -a
whoami
who
w
finger
logins -p

RHEL:

id -a
whoami
who
w
finger

HP-UX:

id
whoami
who
w
uptime (displays # of users logged in)
finger

AIX:

id
whoami
who
w
uptime (displays # of users logged in)
finger

# License information
lslicense
chlicense

# Maximum number of processes for a user
lsattr -D -l sys0 -a maxuproc
chdev -l sys0 -a maxuproc=<number>

82. NFS daemons 

Solaris:
server: mountd, nfsd
client: statd, lockd

RHEL:

server: rpc.mountd,nfsd
client: rpc.statd, lockd

HP-UX:

server: rpc.mountd, nfsd
client: rpc.statd, lockd

AIX:

server: rpc.mountd, nfsd
client: rpc.statd, rpc.lockd

83. NFS files 

Solaris:

/etc/dfs/dfstab

/etc/dfs/sharetab
/etc/rmtab

RHEL:

/etc/exports
/var/lib/nfs/etab
/var/lib/nfs/xtab

HP-UX:

/etc/exports
/etc/xtab

AIX:

/etc/exports
/etc/xtab

84. List the NFS clients that have a remote mount 

solaris:

etc/rmtab

RHEL:

/var/lib/nfs/rmtab

HP-UX:

/etc/rmtab

AIX:

/etc/xtab

85. Display NFS shares 

Solaris:

dfshares
showmount -e localhost

RHEL:

showmount -e localhost

HP-UX:

showmount -e localhost

AIX:

exportfs
showmount -e localhost

86. Create a NFS share 
Solaris:

/etc/dfs/dfstab (edit and add share)
share <path>

## dfstab example
share -F nfs -d "jumpstart" /export/jumpstart

RHEL:

redhat-config-nfs (GUI)

/etc/exports (edit and add share)
/sbin/service nfs reload

## /etc/exports example
/export *(rw,fsid=0,insecure,no_root_squash,sync)

HP-UX:

/etc/rc.config.d/nfsconf (edit)
/etc/exports (edit and add share)
exportfs -a

AIX:

mknfsexp -d <directory>
mknfsmnt

shareall

87. Remove a NFS share 

Solaris:

unshare <path>
/etc/dfs/dfstab (edit and remove share) 

RHEL:

/etc/exports (edit and remove share)
/sbin/service nfs reload

HP-UX:

/etc/rc.config.d/nfsconf (edit)
exportfs -au (unshare all)
exportfs -u /home/vallep
/etc/exports (edit and remove share)

AIX:

rmnfsexp -d <directory> (unshares and removes from file)
exportfs -u <filesystem>
unshareall

88. Start/change NFS daemons 

Solaris:

solaris-8
/etc/init.d/nfs.server start
/etc/init.d/nfs.client start
solaris 10 & above
svcadm enable nfs/server
svcadm disable nfs/server

RHEL:

sbin/service nfs start

HP-UX:

/sbin/init.d/nfs.core start
/sbin/init.d/nfs.server start
/sbin/init.d/nfs.client start

AIX:

mknfs
chnfs

startsrc -s nfsd
startsrc -s rpc.mountd

89. Stop NFS daemons 

Solaris:

/etc/init.d/nfs.server stop
/etc/init.d/nfs.client stop

RHEL:

sbin/service nfs stop

HP-UX:

/sbin/init.d/nfs.client stop
/sbin/init.d/nfs.server stop
/sbin/init.d/nfs.core stop

AIX:

rmnfs

stopsrc -s nfsd
stopsrc -s rpc.mountd

90.NFS reload 

Solaris:

shareall

RHEL:

/sbin/service nfs reload

svcadm nfs reload 

HP-UX:

exportfs -a

AIX:

exportfs -av

91. Time daemons 

Solaris:

xntpd

RHEL:

ntpd 

HP-UX:

xntpd 

AIX:

xntpd

92. NTP setup 

Solaris# Solaris 8
/etc/ntp.conf
/etc/ntp.server
/etc/ntp.client

/etc/rc2.d/xntpd [start|stop]

# Solaris 10
/etc/inet/ntp.server
/etc/inet/ntp.client

svcadm enable ntpd

RHEL:

/etc/ntp.conf (edit with ntp servers)
dateconfig (GUI)

chkconfig --list ntpd
chkconfig --level 2345 ntpd on
/sbin/service ntpd start

HP-UX:

/etc/rc.config.d/netdaemons (set XNTPD to 1)
/etc/ntp.conf

AIX:

/etc/ntp.conf

startsrc -s xntpd
stopsrc -s xntpd

lslpp -L all|grep xntpd

93. NTP trace options 

Solaris:

ntpq -p
ntptrace

RHEL:

ntpq -p
ntptrace

HP-UX:

ntpq -p
ntpdate (set the date)

AIX:

ntpq -p
ntptrace
ntpdate

94. Log files - messages 

Solaris:

/var/adm/messages

RHEL:

/var/log/messages

HP-UX:

/var/adm/syslog/syslog.log

AIX:

/var/adm/ras

95. Log files - syslog 

Solaris:

/var/log/syslog

RHEL:

/var/log/syslog

HP-UX:

/var/adm/syslog/syslog.log

AIX:

/var/adm/ras

96.Log files - mail 

Solaris:

RHEL:

/var/log/mail

HP-UX:

/var/adm/syslog/mail.log

AIX:

/usr/spool/mqueue/syslog

97. Log files - cron 

Solaris:

/var/cron/log

RHEL:

/var/log/cron

HP-UX:

/var/adm/cron/log

AIX:

/var/adm/cron/log

98. Log files - boot 

Solaris:

/var/adm/messages
dmesg

RHEL:

/var/log/boot
dmesg

HP-UX:

/var/adm/syslog/syslog.log
dmesg

AIX:

/var/adm/ras

alog -o -t boot
alog -o -t console
alog -L (list all the logs available)

99. Error logging 

Solaris:

logger

RHEL:

logger (/var/log/messages)

HP-UX:

logger 

AIX:

usr/lib/errdemon -l (display attributes)
/usr/lib/errdemon (start error logging)
/usr/lib/errstop (stop error logging)

# use with above errorlog file
errpt (summary errorlog report)
errpt -a (detailed errorlog report)
errpt -j <identifier> (single errorlog report)

errclear (clears errorlog)
errclear -d <class><days> (clears class errors)

errlogger "message upto 230 chars"

100 . Boot procedure 

Solaris:
Phases:

***********
Boot PROM: displays system information, run POST, load bootblk, locate ufsboot
Boot Programs: bootblk loads and executes the ufsboot
Kernel Initialization: ufsboot loads and executes the core kernel, initializes core kernel data structures, loads other kernel modules based on the /etc/system file, starts /sbin/init program
init: starts other processes based on the /etc/inittab file

RHEL:

Boot sequence

*************
BIOS
POST
Master Boot Record (MBR) - point to the bootloader GRUB or LILO
GRUB (stage 1) - point to GRUB stage 1_5
GRUB (stage 1_5) - deals with specific filesystem types look at /boot/grub/*1_5 files
GRUB (stage 2) – reads /etc/grub.conf and displays the grub menu, it specifies the kernel and the initrd files
KERNEL - control given to the kernel
INIT - reads /etc/inittab and runs /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit script

HP-UX:

Phases:

**************

PDC - processor-dependent code; executes and performs self-tests
ISL - initial system loader; loads the secondary system loader hpux
HPUX - is the secondary system loader and loads the kernel /stand/vmunix, then hands over to the kernel
KERNEL - swapper processes are started by the kernel then starts the init process
INIT - reads /etc/inittab

AIX:

Phases:

************
Read Only Storage (ROS): check the system board, perform POST, locate and load boot image, begin system initialization and execute phase 1 of the /etc/rc.boot script
Base Device Configuration: start configuration manager to configue base devices
System Boot: start init process phase 2, switch to hard-disk root filesystem, start other processes defined by /etc/inittab and execute phase 3 of the /etc/rc.boot script